A | 베냐민 네타냐후 이스라엘 총리. (사진=이스라엘 총리실)베냐민 네타냐후 이스라엘 총리가 지난달 도널드 트럼프 미국 대통령과의 회담에서 외교 및 군사적 행동, 대이란 봉쇄 강화라는 세 가지 대(對)이란 접근법을 논의했다고 밝혔다. 그는 봉쇄 강화 방안을 미국의 최근 대이란 경제 전쟁과 연관 지으며 이란과의 합의 가능성에는 회의적인 입장을 드러냈다.25일(현지시간) 이스라엘 총리실에 따르면 네타냐후 총리는 전날 예루살렘 행사 연설에서 "몇 주 전 오벌 오피스에서 트럼프 대통령과 세 가지 선택지를 논의했다"고 말했다.첫 번째인 외교적 해법에는 강한 회의를 드러냈다. 그는 "물론 합의할 수는 있다. 좋은 합의라면 반대하지 않는다. 하지만 나는 저 야만인들과 합의를 이룰 수 있을지 의문이다. 단언컨대 합의는 불가능하다"고 목소리를 높였다.두 번째 선택지인 군사적 행동에 대해서는 "우리는 이란이 공격하도록 내버려 두지 않을 것이며 만약 그들이 우리를 공격한다면 그들이 상상했던 것 이상의, 지금까지 겪은 그 어떤 것보다 훨씬 강력한 타격을 입게 될 것"이라고 경고했다.세 번째 선택지는 대이란 포위망 강화였다. 네타냐후 총리는 이를 트럼프 대통령에게 제안하며 "결정은 당신의 몫"이라고 말했다고 전했다. 그러면서 미국이 지난 24일 발표한 새 대이란 제재를 이 압박 전략의 실행 결과로 평가하며 "이란은 물론 그 끔찍한 독재 정권을 돕는 자들에 대한 포위망을 강화한 것"이라고 말했다.이번 제재는 스콧 베선트 미 재무장관이 '경제적 왕따 작전'이라고 칭한 조치로, 디지털 자산·기술·금·항공·해운 분야에서 이란과 거래하는 다른 국가에 2차 제재를 부과하는 내용을 핵심으로 한다.。
B | "[The US export restrictions] will not have much impact on the Chinese semiconductor industry," says Professor Thomas Canhao Xu of Beijing Normal University (BNU) and Hong Kong Baptist University. "These restrictions are associated with the 3 nanometer (nm) technologies while China is now producing 28nm chips for the most part, which are previous generation technologies. The fact is that the 28nm chip technology is mature and the main demand is for chips manufactured in the [28nm lithography] process. Chip manufacturers receive their main income from this product.",On 12 August, the US Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) announced that it would impose restrictions on technologies which support manufacturing of advanced semiconductors and turbines to protect them from "nefarious" military and commercial use.,Controls On Chip Exports To China Will Not Work, Trade War May Cost US Up To $100bn, ASML Exec Says15 April 2021, 11:23 GMT,The technologies covered by the newly introduced controls include two substrates of ultra-wide bandgap semiconductors, ie gallium oxide and diamond; electronic computer-aided design software ECAD made for the development of integrated circuits with a Gate-All-Around field-effect transistor (GAAFET) structure; and pressure-gain combustion (PGC) technology that can be used in rockets and hypersonic systems.,The world's leading chip manufacturers such as Samsung, TSMC and Intel have already placed their bets on the GAAFET technology to produce smaller and quicker chips in the future. It is also expected that diamonds and gallium oxides will be used to make semiconductors enabling them to operate under harsher conditions, such as at higher voltages or higher temperatures. Consequently, the aforementioned technologies will help multiply the density of transistors and interconnects on a single chip thus dramatically improving their performance.,Even though the BIS restrictions do not explicitly mention China, it is clear that they are aimed at preventing Beijing from gaining access to breakthrough technologies, according to Bloomberg.,"Breakthrough technologies are undeniably important, but they represent only a small fraction of the entire semiconductor industry," argues Xu. "The long-term effect of these restrictions on China will depend on how China develops its own industry, including equipment for the production of chips. On the horizon of 10 to 20 years, significant changes may occur in the industry and fundamentally new technologies may appear.",WorldUS New Chips Law Will Undermine Global Supply Chains: Chinese Foreign Ministry10 August, 12:00 GMT,China Continuing Hi-Tech Development Regardless of US Sanctions,The newly announced restrictions followed a bombshell report of industry watcher TechInsights which revealed that China's Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corp (SMIC) had probably built semiconductors using a 7nm technology.,Earlier, China-based MinerVa Semiconductor Corp., named by TechInsights as SMIC’s customer, demonstrated a 7nm chip on its website, adding that mass production of these semis began in July 2021, according to Bloomberg's 21 July report.,"This is the most advanced technology product TechInsights has seen from SMIC so far and may be leading to a true 7nm process that incorporates scaled logic and memory bitcells," TechInsights explained on 19 July. "It also has key implications for Chinese chip companies, as it helps to reduce China’s reliance on western technologies in this time of restricted access.",The report caught many by surprise given that SMIC had long specialized in 14nm technology. Furthermore, since late 2020, Washington has banned the unlicensed sale of equipment that can be used to make semiconductors of 10nm and beyond to the Chinese company. If SMIC has indeed managed to make a technological leap, it would mean that Washington's sanctions policy failed to curb China's technological development, according to Bloomberg.,The US government is well aware of the problem: according to the White House, at present the US produces roughly 10 percent of the world’s supply of chips, whereas East Asia accounts for a whopping 75 percent of global production. Washington is striving to win the technological race with the Asian giant by imposing further restrictions and expanding investments in the domestic chip industry.,Thus, on 9 August, President Joe Biden signed into law a bipartisan CHIPS and Science Act which includes more than $52Bln for US companies producing semiconductors, as well as billions more in tax credits to encourage investment in the industry. Yet another objective of the newly inked legislation is to prevent American investors from directly or indirectly contributing to the development of semiconductor production in China. One of the conditions for obtaining a government subsidy under the new law is the obligation not to invest in the development of the 28nm and more advanced technologies in China for 10 years.,Huawei Spent $22 Billion on Research in 2021 As Company Resists US Sanctions - Report27 April, 02:45 GMT,For its part, China aims to develop its own technologies, instead of following in the footsteps of western manufacturers. The People's Republic has already proved that alternative solutions are possible and that it can set new global technological standards. For instance, Huawei telecommunications equipment made a splash in global markets when the company developed its own SingleRAN algorithm, which allows configuring one base station to provide communication in 2G, 3G and 4G standards simultaneously. When it comes to the semiconductor industry, China is developing its own technology to produce silicon carbide chips.,Beijing is sparing no expense in research and development (R&D) of promising technologies: according to China's official statistics, the People's Republic's spending on R&D rose 10.3 percent to 2.44 trillion Chinese yuan ($378Bln) and accounted for 2.4 percent of GDP in 2020. Last year, China's Premier Li Keqiang promised that the country's research and development spending would grow by more than 7 percent per year between 2021 and 2025.。
C |
Current article:http://enqbos0.kelozhaichongbaoshuo.pics/mqhz0/20260826/5142581.html
Published on:09:21:28
